This paper examines the trend in the educational development of nigeria from precolonial times to the present, with a view to highlighting the progress made and problems encountered on the way. The first republic crashed largely because of corruption resulting in military incursion and a thirty month civil war. The study contends that the major thrust of history and the historian in postcolonial nigeria is to champion the. This paper traces the impact of colonialism on the development of marketing in nigeria. Long before the advent of nigerias colonization, our ancestors were sustained primarily on farming as the major occupation with the use of crude implements compared to what is obtained today. Modern architecture in postcolonial ghana and nigeria. The meetings were held at the obi or palace of the okpara or obi, or at the village square, where every adult male had the right to air his views on any issue under discussion, and decisions were reached through a consensus of the people in attendance the meeting was presided over by the okpara. All evidence suggests the early settlement of nigeria millennia.
Since 1960, post colonial nigeria has no morally emancipated leadership, corruption and elite conspiracy remains at issue achebe, 1983. Postcolonial era of nigerian history archives oldnaija. The challenges of nigerian development in this present democratic era ii. The idea of nationalism implies something original or unique about the people who live in a country. An overview precolonial nigeria the first point to note is that the precolonial epoch was not a static era during which all social and political systems existed in a finished and final form. Modern architecture in postcolonial ghana and nigeria volume 47 hannah le roux. Our goal in the creation of the website is to build a comprehensive understanding of african history through a wellresearched examination of the republic of nigeria as a. Looking at the history of taxation in nigeria, the beginning of the colonization period was connected with various trading posts and companies in the west africa. In other words, different types of state systems and societies existed.
Precolonial era of nigerian history archives oldnaija. For about a century, the british colonial masters took full control of the political, economic and even the social life of the people called nigerians today. When and how 266 centrality and importance to the debates for societal change. After the british government assumed direct control of the royal niger companys territories, the northern areas were renamed the protectorate of northern nigeria, and the land in the niger delta and along the lower reaches of the river was added to the niger coast protectorate, which was renamed the protectorate of southern nigeria. The effect of colonialism also established industries and commercial ventures for easy exploitation and extraction of raw materials from nigeria. A brief history of nigeria from 1960 till date remember that during the precolonial history of nigeria, several states were formed whereby these were the sophisticated powerful empires and kingdoms. History of agriculture in nigeria agriculture nigeria. A clear example is seen in nigeria which has well over five hundred languages. Nigeria, was matriarchal in nature, so the claims of western writers to the contrary are wrong. This paper attempts a historiographical survey of the roles of history and the historian in nation building in postcolonial nigeria. Key events, characteristics and themes of postcolonial nigeria overview rather than simply organizing a chronological analysis of postcolonial nigeria, it is more helpful to identify key themes of the gatekeeper state in relation to the historical backdrop of the country and several key events in the late 20th century cooper 2002, 173174. Pdf history, the historian and nation building in post.
The colonial and postcolonial transformation of african chieftaincy. The british empire tried to fight for economic dominance in the region. The colonial and postcolonial transformation of african. Criminal justice in the precolonial, colonial and post. Rather than relaxing colonial strictures in gratitude after the war, the european presence in africa intensified. Post office and telecommunication facilities were also built. Simply put, the precolonial history of nigeria is all about a period of time before nigeria was colonized by the british. Department of marketing, university of calabar, calabar, nigeria. The state in postcolonial nigeria the colonial state through its socioeconomic policies and practices had set in motion the processes which led to the emergence of social classes in nigeria of the type which existed in typical capitalist state. An introduction to postcolonialism, postcolonial theory and.
Oldnaija goes beyond the lines to unearth historical events in nigeria and document nigerian cultures for. Colonial history neither upholds nor draws from narratives of past nigerian historical depictions, rather attempts to destroy the african culture and foster alien. Even though the effort to create biafra came out of the context of the challenges of independent nigeria, dont historians need to look further back to see what happened in the earlier colonial and precolonial eras to learn more about the world from which nigeria was created. Rather than simply organizing a chronological analysis of postcolonial nigeria, it is more helpful to identify key themes of the gatekeeper state in relation to the historical backdrop of the country and several key events in the late 20 th century cooper 2002, 173174. A historical and comparative analysis of colonial and post. The history of agriculture in nigeria dates as far back as before most other countries in africa, and can be segmented to the precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial era.
Colonialism, postcolonialism and ethnic cleavages in africa. The focus on the concept of patriarchy and its effects on gender relations began to shift to other factors in gender relations like race, class, colonial history and others as other branches of feminism, like the postmodern feminism, came up. The history of nigeria can be traced to prehistoric settlers nigerians living in the area as early as 1100 bc. The colonial and precolonial eras in nigeria american historical. Historical overview of feminism in nigeria background information on nigeria nigeria is the most populous country in africa and it has huge diversity along ethnic, religious and economic lines.
Though there is archaeological evidence that societies have been living in nigeria for more than twentyfive hundred years, the borders of modern nigeria were not created until the british consolidated their colonial power over the area in 1914. The village assembly was a meeting of all adult males in the community. Works cited in 1960, nigeria gained independence from britain, and was headed by a prime minister, alhaji sir abubakar tafawa balewa. Let me correct my learned historian lekan abayomi that there were four regional governments before the intervention of the military in nigerian politics, notably the northern region, western region, eastern region and the midwest region. Pre and postcolonial nigerian hospitalities by sophia. On october 1, 1963, nigeria became a federal republic and cut any ties it with britain it had left.
Colonial and postcolonial human rights violations in nigeria dr. Today, it may be asked whether such concerns really matter. The author argues that fanons model of colonial oppression and its categories of maintenance needs are predictive of the evolution from precolonial to postcolonial society in africa. Numerous ancient african civilizations settled in the region that is today nigeria, such as the kingdom of nri, the benin empire, and the oyo empire. British colonialism and the pitfalls of postcolonial. Awinsong moses allor awinsong is a history graduate student from feonamoo in ghana. Alka jauhari assistant professor department of government and politics, sacred heart university 5151 park avenue, fairfield, ct 06825 united states of america email. The agricultural life in nigeria, when looked at from the outside point of view, can be said to be favoured by nature. The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical and comparative analysis of colonial and postcolonial civil service in nigeria and to probe issues connected with nigerianisation of the civil service. Postcolonial literature comes from britains former colonies in the caribbean, africa and india. The first point to note is that the precolonial epoch was not a static era during which all social and political systems existed in a finished. Colonialism and the post colonial nigeria arc journals. Traditional native rulers, however, administered various territories under the supervision of the colonial authorities. The british dependencies of northern and southern nigeria were merged into a single territory in 1914, and a legislative council, initially with limited african representation was created in 1922.
On the other hand, british colonial administration was. Analysis of the history, organisations and challenges of feminism in nigeria 4 1. This approach brings to the fore the convergent rather than divergent elements capable of promoting peaceful coexistence among postcolonial nigerians. We suggest that the challenges of postcolonial nationhood in nigeria derive impetus. Although the years since nigeria s return to civilian rule in 1999 have seen an increased interest in its history and politics, nigeria remains one of the most underresearched african countries. Civil society, democratic governance and development in nigeria, 1992012. The second part examines the postcolonial era and the authoritarian rule that. The article traces the problem of cleavage to the process of colonization in which it. Nigeria achieved independence from british colonial rule on 1 october 1960.
Nigeria has a long history, with its roots in early civilisations of distinguished artistry. The first republic crashed largely because of corruption. We provide a research and learning environment for nigerians at home and in the diaspora. Pdf colonialism, postcolonialism and ethnic cleavages in africa.
Nigeria was granted independence on october 1, 1960. Oldnaija is an online platform dedicated to documenting and promoting the history of ngeria. This claim is demonstrated through an analysis of changes in the law during these eras. At the beginning of the 20th century, most nigerians were followers of traditional religions, but british colonial policies discouraged this to such an extent that by the time of independence in 1960 the great majority of the people were classified as muslims or christians. This era of nigerian history began with the independence of nigeria in 1960. Educational reconstruction and postcolonial curriculum.
The name nigeria was also given to the territory around the niger river by the colonial masters. After independence in 1960, nigeria had been widely considered one of subsaharan africas most promising postcolonial states. The ncnc, now headed by azikiwe who had taken control after macaulays death in 1946, formed a coalition with balewas npc after neither party won a majority in the 1959 elections. It attempts to justify that both colonial and postcolonial civil service.
Culture of nigeria history, people, clothing, traditions. Many postcolonial writers write in english and focus on common themes such as the struggle for independence, emigration, national. History of postcolonial nigeria by prezi user on prezi. Brief history of nigeria from 1960 till date oasdom. More specifically, we present an overview of the indigenous, quranic and the westerntype education before and after independence. Precolonial history of nigeria kingdoms of nigeria. It is important to briefly take a glance look at what happened in the early history of nigeria, which of course indicates a period of history in nigeria.
The advantages and disadvantages of the colonialism. A new constitution established a federal system with an elected prime minister and a ceremonial head of state. They also helped to introduce the use of money to nigeria as a medium of exchange. This prompted the british who were ready to turn the separated states across the western region into a colony. This work, which is part of the writers phd research, attempts to trace the societal nature and gender relations pattern within the nigerian society, from precolonial nigerian society, through the colonial into the present postcolonial nigerian. This can be assessed from the precolonial, colonial and postcolonial periods. The plateau area around jos was a meeting point for cultural influences from the upper niger valley where agriculture developed independently as early as 5000 bce and from egypt.
Precolonial history of nigeria between the 11th century and european colonial conquest in the late 19th century, the area in and around nigeria was home to a number of sophisticated and influential societies. The colonial and precolonial eras in nigeria this project is based on the goal of explaining an event in the relatively recent past by working progressively further into the past to uncover more and more information that seems to bear on the issues. Pre and postcolonial nigerian hospitalities precolonial nigerians had different yet just as strict protocol to follow when it came to first encounters and inviting a guests to ones own home. Precolonial era of nigerian history this era of nigerian history witnessed the period before the advent of the british and colonialism in nigeria. Colonial and postcolonial human rights violations in nigeria. Such classes included the comprador bourgeoisie, the bureacratic bourgeoisie, and the working class. The unsupportive institutional role of nigeria iii. As a result, the gb exploited the resources and people of africa. What is important to note about these themes is that they were overlapping and reoccurring throughout the late halfcentury, and are not simply linear but rather heavily intertwined. Although the years since nigerias return to civilian rule in 1999 have seen an increased interest in its history and politics, nigeria remains one of the most underresearched african countries. Syllabuscolonial and postcolonial africahistory 22 page 6 6 resource conflicts and development quandries video. The existing history and theory on modern architecture in africa, such as the recent books by fuller, wright and cohen, also tends to focus on the latecolonial period.