Effects of water stress ultrastructure leaf cells of. Graphical determination of leaf area index and its. A companion document to directive 9408 dir9408, assessment criteria for determining environmental safety of plant with novel traits. Graphical determination of leaf area index and its relationship with growth and yield parameters of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Interest in the plant typically focuses on the grain, but the leaves have recently been used in combination with three additional plants in the phytomedicine nicosan, approved in nigeria for the treatment of. Retention of green leaf area at maturity glam, known as staygreen, is used as an indicator of postanthesis drought resistance in sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Within most developing countries, the sorghum crop rarely reaches the market. Sorghum growth and development thomas gerik, brent bean and richard vanderlip rounded leaf tip. Bacterial leaf streak of sorghum a new material and. Stomatal diffusion resistances weredetermined with a porometer ofthe type described by kanemasuet al. Sorghum grains of different cultivars are a rich source of phenolic compounds.
Sorghum, sorghum bicolorl moench, is the fifth most important cereal after rice, wheat, maize, and barley. Pdf abstract the impact of chronic inflammatory conditions on immune function is substantial, and the simultaneous application of antiinflammatory. The efficacy of jobelyn sorghum bicolor extractin the treatment of sickle cell anemia. Moench sorghum, also known as guinea corn or sweet sorghum, botanically belongs to the family poaceae grass. Sorghum cover crops can also be used as livestock forage in a cropping system magdoff.
Grain sorghum, mabele, amazimba, amabele origin and distribution sorghum is the 5th most important grain crop after wheat, maize, rice and barley. Harnessing genetic variation in leaf angle to increase. The first leaf visible at emergence is the coleoptile leaf. Sweet sorghum and the other cultivated species have a chromosome number of n 10 and is primarily selfpollinated with about 2 to 5% crosspollination. Bacterial leaf streak of sorghum a new material and methods. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 443283 with original publication details. Sorghum facts, health benefits and nutritional value.
It is especially adapted to grow in dry areas but, being so rich in diversity, it also grows well in temperate and high altitude environments. Harvesting for green chop or silage is wellsuited to mechanical harvesting due to bulk and mass involved. West african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have antiinflammatory and immunemodulating properties in vitro. The combined ethanolpotash extract of sorghum bicolor leaf sheath administered to rats resulted in significant p sorghum bicolor leaf sheath have properties that induce the depressant or sedative effect, which may have affected. Effects of water stress ultrastructure leaf cells of sorghum. The leaf blades of young leaves are upright but the blades tend to bend downwards as leaves mature. It is a cereal with many uses in the poultry and livestock industries, and also in the food industry, particularly the brewing. However, all sorghum and sudangrassrelated species have the potential to smother weeds, suppress nematode species, and penetrate compacted subsoil clark, 2007. Efficient plant regeneration system from leaf disc segments of s o rghum sorghum bicolor l. Panicle development and leaf appearance volume 29 issue 1 p. This work focused on the utilization of dfu to extract, purify, and desalinate polysaccharides from sorghum leaf sheath.
Simulation of individual leaf areas in grain sorghum. Freshly isolated primary human polymorphonuclear pmn and mononuclear cell subsets were used to test selected cellular functions in the. The word sorghum typically refers to cultivated sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Sorghum, sorghum bicolor, is an annual or perennial grass in the family poaceae grown primarily for its grain. Grain sorghum, mabele, amazimba, amabele origin and distribution sorghum is the 5th most important grain crop after wheat, maize, rice and. Sorghum for silage should be harvested when seeds are in milk to dough stage. Some sorghum cvs are very productive, yielding more dm than corn. Drought tolerance in sorghum is a complex trait influenced by many genes coding for. A simple quantitative model to predict leaf area index in. Genetics investigation harnessing genetic variation in leaf angle to increase productivity of sorghum bicolor sandra k. Moench green manure in rotations of head salads and baby leaf crops under greenhouse article pdf available in italian journal of agronomy 121. Aug 16, 2012 this study examined selected antiinflammatory and immunemodulating properties in vitro of jobelyn, containing the polyphenolrich leaf sheaths from a west african variant of sorghum bicolor sbls. Couetotrichum grammioolum on midrib and leaf of sorghum, devel oping after clipping the ends of the leaves under a spore suspension.
The factors affecting the somatic embryo formation and regeneration capacity of leaf segments of six genotypes. The ancestral gene content in these regio a total number of unigenes were identified as being differentially regulated in maritime pine roots during the development of mycorrhiza. Moench is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus sorghum family poaceae. Multiple genetic loci that regulate leaf inclination angle were identi. Evaluation of aqueous methanolic extract of sorghum bicolor leaf.
Recognizing key plant structures understanding crop growth and development begins with knowing its structures and anatomy. Sorghum growth and development glasscock county agrilife. Reddyb a department of plant and soil sciences, mississippi state university, box 9555, mississippi state, ms 39762, usa. Caladium bicolor araceae is a horticulture plant also used by some traditional medicine practitioners in the treatment of diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal. Effects of aqueous extract of sorghum bicolor on hepatic, histological and haematological indices in rats. Sorghum is considered a challenging species for transformation due to the limited choice in genotypes that can be transformed and the reliance on callus derived from immature embryos that need to be teased out of developing seeds. We have developed a more practical tissue culture procedure to generate embryogenic callus from leaf whorl explants obtained from 4 weekold seedlings. Here we identify extensive genetic variation for leaf inclination angle in the crop plant sorghum bicolor, a c4 grass species used for production of grain, forage, and bioenergy. It is grown for home consumption unless there is a bumper crop, or if cash is needed. And finally, sorghum bicolor improves mood thanks to vitamin b6, which also produces serotonin in the brain for better mood control. Growth characteristics also vary depending on the location grown, inputs, and agronomic practices. Thus, the objectives of this study were to i develop a simple quantitative model to predict lai in sorghum and ii introduce a new method for the simulation of the leaf area production of expanding leaves. The west african sorghum bicolor leaf sheath extract jobelyn and its diverse therapeutic potentials volume 2 issue 1 2018 olajuwon okubena,1 samira makanjuola,2 louis c ajonuma, 3 adedoyin dosunmu, 4 solomon umukoro,5 patrick o erah6 1health forever product limited, ikeja, nigeria 2department of pharmacology, lagos state university college. Bacterial leaf streak of sorghum a new report from india s s navi 1, r bandyopadhyay 2, k thirumala devi 3, and d v r reddy 4 1.
The leaves resemble those of maize and grow rapidly. Pdf west african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have anti. Leaf area estimation, growth analysis, and yield evaluation in grain sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Te west african orgum bicolor leaf seat etract jobelyn and its diverse terapeutic potentials 21 copyrigt 2018 kubena et al citation. Moench sorghum is considered the camel of the crops, a true testament to its hardiness and ability to grow in dry, nutrientpoor soils and withstand prolonged droughts. Use of sorghum bicolor leaf whorl explants to expedite.
In this document, domesticated sorghum refers to s. West african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have anti inflammatory and immunemodulating properties in vitro. The presence of phytoconstituent, anthocyanin in sorghum leaf sheath extract have been reported to be vasoprotective lietti et al. The critical issue is whether maintaining green leaves under postanthesis drought increases grain yield in staygreen compared with. A simple quantitative model to predict leaf area index in sorghum. The sheath surrounds and strengthens the stalk culm. Two recombinant inbred line populations generated from biparental crosses of btx623. Common fungal diseases include anthracnose, leaf blight, sorghum downy mildew, zonate leaf spot, rough spot, sorghum rust, charcoal rot, and stalk rotgrain mold. This study examined selected antiinflammatory and immunemodulating properties in vitro of jobelyn, containing the polyphenolrich leaf sheaths from a west african variant of sorghum bicolor. West african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have anti. Plant and biotechnology risk assessment unit plant health science division, canadian food inspection agency ottawa, ontario.
Effect of heat and drought stress on sorghum sorghum bicolor. R07020 n 96 were used to examine the genetic basis of leaf inclination angle in sorghum bicolor burow et al. Alvaro bueno iowa state university follow this and additional works at. Leaf blades vary from linear to lanceolate, and can be smooth or. The leaf collar marks the junction of the leaf blade and sheath and appears when the leaf is fully developed.
Infestations in iowa have decreased since the 1970s due to introduction of effective herbicides and the decrease in planting of grain. Sorghum sorghum bicolor is a warmseason cereal of african origin, which was first cultivated in the region of ethiopia or chad over 5000 years ago. International crops research institute for the semiarid tropics icrisat. Evaluation of aqueous methanolic extract of sorghum bicolor leaf base for antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities. Sorghum plants have a leaf area smaller than that of maize. Interest in the plant typically focuses on the grain, but the leaves have recently been used in combination with three additional plants in the phytomedicine. Health benefits of sorghum sorghum is an excellent source of riboflavin, vitamin b6, thiamin and minerals such as iron, potassium, manganese and magnesium. Pdf somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in. Globally, it produces approximately 70 million tons of grain from about 50 million ha o f land. Grain sorghum is treated as an annual in temperate regions, although it is a perennial grass and in the tropics may be harvested many times. Phytoremediation of strontium contaminated soil by sorghum bicolor l. Description sorghum bicolor is an important cereal and a staple crop in africa, where it has been used traditionally by healers for the treatment of anemia and other health conditions.
Sorghum is an excellent source of riboflavin, vitamin b6, thiamin and minerals such as iron, potassium, manganese and magnesium. Moench breeding for resistance to leaf and stalk anthracnose, colletotrichum sublineolum, and improved yield. The orbitosphenoid is the last chondral bone to appear. This study examined selected antiinflammatory and immunemodulating properties in vitro of jobelyn, containing the polyphenolrich leaf sheaths from a west african variant of sorghum bicolor sbls. The main importers of sorghum are japan, mexico, the former ussr cis and venezuela. Individuals from these populations were genotyped by sequencing using the restriction enzyme. It is now widely cultivated in dry areas of africa, asia, the americas, europe and australia between latitudes of. Plant 1 to 2 inches deep about 10 to 15 inches apart in rows 24 to 36 inches apart.
Cut when grain is in dough stage, and feeding value of fodder is at maximum. Although sorghum has an ability to cope with many types of stresses, including heat, drought, salinity and flooding 6, in arid and semiarid regions, this crop is usually affected by drought stress at the post flowering stage of growth 75. Each leaf sheath originates at its own node on the plant stalk. Pdf sorghum sorghum bicolor varieties adopt strongly. During this purification ritual a shaman healer, from various caladoum american countries, deliberately burns the right shoulder with a glowing stick from a fireplace.
Review glossiness of leaf blades in sorghum sorghum. Chemical characterization of sorghum bicolor leaf with. It constitutes the main food grain for over 750 million people who live in. Leaves roll up as they wilt reducing the area of leaf exposed for transpiration. Jul 30, 2019 recently, high levels of leaf dhurrin h the bidirectional reflectivity was then measured from low signals. Knowing how the sorghum plant develops is important in understanding how to manage the crop. Sorghum has an erect solid stem with one or more tillers additional shoot that grows subsequent to the parent shoot and curving leaves which are arranged alternately on the stems and are lancelike in shape, measuring 305 cm 1253 in in length. Most infestations get started in fields planted to a cultivated variety of sorghum. Both sorghum grain and plant biomass leaves and stalks are used as animal feed. The west african sorghum bicolor leaf sheath extract jobelyn and its diverse therapeutic potentials. Rwc of leaves was measured to determine leaf water. The west african sorghum bicolor leaf sheath extract. The efficacy of jobelyn sorghum bicolor extractin the.
The genus sorghum belongs to the tribe andropogoneae of the family poaceae. Sorghum bicolor hybrid nk145 plants were grown under controlled environmental conditions in the climate laboratory as described previously 3. It spread to india by 4000 years ago and later to china and to southern africa by about 1500 years ago. All samples and measurements were made on the 11th, 12th, or th leaves ofplants havingat least 15 fully matureleaves leaf i. Mar 11, 20 this study examined selected antiinflammatory and immunemodulating properties in vitro of jobelyn, containing the polyphenolrich leaf sheaths from a west african variant of sorghum bicolor sbls. Leaf area estimation, growth analysis, and yield evaluation. The trade in sorghum is small compared with the major grains such as wheat, maize, barley and rice. A unique characteristic of sorghum leaves is the rows of motor cells along the midrib. The report shows that 192 gm is loaded with 632 kcal which offers a calorie rich diet with other minerals and vitamins. Recently, high levels of leaf dhurrin h the bidirectional reflectivity was then measured from low signals. Sorghum, sorghum bicolor is manganese and carbohydrate rich fruit support for antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal and antitumor activity.
Moench is a crop indigenous to africa, where it appears to have been domesticated in ethiopia about 5 000 years ago. It is a staple cereal crop consumed mainly in the northern, upper east and upper west regions of ghana, west africa. That concludes the health benefits of sorghum bicolor leaf, which makes it wonderful due to the range of advantages it offers to internal health. Part of theagriculture commons,agronomy and crop sciences commons, and theplant breeding and genetics commons.
It is a cheap alternative to maize and requires less water to produce similar. Sorghum bicolor, a c4 grass species used for the production of grain, forage, and bioenergy. Effect of heat and drought stress on sorghum sorghum. One of the many leaf forms and colour variations of this species. The west african sorghum bicolor leaf sheath extract jobelyn.